Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

• Fatigue or persistent low energy
• Episodes of pain (commonly in the chest, joints, or limbs)
• Shortness of breath or difficulty exercising
• Frequent infections
• Pale or yellow-tinged skin (jaundice)
• Delayed growth or puberty (in children)
• Swelling in hands and feet (especially in children)
• Headaches or dizziness
• Vision problems
• Unexplained anaemia or low haemoglobin levels
• No symptoms at all in individuals with sickle cell trait

Recommended for individuals with a family history of sickle cell disease or other inherited blood disorders, or those experiencing unexplained fatigue, anaemia, or recurring pain episodes. Ideal for individuals from ethnic groups at higher risk, including African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian backgrounds. Also suitable for couples planning a family, individuals undergoing genetic screening, or anyone seeking clarity on their haemoglobin type—even in the absence of symptoms.

• Sickle Cell Trait (carrier of one sickle cell gene)
• Sickle Cell Disease (inheritance of two sickle cell genes)
• Haemoglobin C Disease
• Haemoglobin SC Disease
• Haemoglobin S Beta-Thalassaemia
• Other haemoglobinopathies (abnormal haemoglobin variants)
• Unexplained anaemia or low haemoglobin
• Chronic pain syndromes related to red blood cell disorders
• Frequent infections or delayed growth linked to red cell abnormalities
• Prenatal or family genetic screening for haemoglobin disorders